August 5, 2008
A MILLION VOTES FOR OBAMA....This is sort of fascinating. Via Tyler Cowen, here's a paper by Craig Garthwaite and Tim Moore that attempts to quantify the impact of Oprah Winfrey's endorsement of Barack Obama last year.
Their conclusion: it helped a lot:
A 10 percent change in the county-level circulation of Oprah Magazine is associated with an increased vote share for Obama of approximately 0.2 percentage points. This estimated effect was higher in areas holding caucuses rather than primary elections. In terms of voter participation, a 10 percent change in circulation is associated with a 0.06 percentage point increase in turnout. Similar effects from the endorsement were found in areas with differentially high sales of books included in Oprah's Book Club. In total, we estimate that the endorsement was responsible for 1,015,559 votes for Obama.
Roughly speaking, their methodology was to take a county-by-county look at (a) the circulation of Oprah magazine and (b) sales of books recommended by Oprah's Book Club. This is a measure of how many Oprah fans there are in each county. Then they controlled for all the usual electoral variables (age, income, marital status, etc., and especially gender and race since they were unusually important in the 2008 primary). Then they accounted for the fact that Oprah readers are more educated and wealthy than the general public, and the readership is disproportionately African-American. Then they applied their model to Obama's 2004 senate race to make sure that it was really Oprah's endorsement that made the difference, not merely some other variable associated with Oprah fans that they neglected to account for. Finally, they took a look at contributions to the Obama campaign both before and after Oprah's endorsement to control for "potential unobserved county-level preferences for Obama."
This is, as usual, very complex, and there's no guarantee that the authors thought of everything. Still, they've accounted for an awful lot, and they still came up with an extra million votes for Obama thanks to the Oprah effect. Pretty impressive.
—Kevin Drum 1:16 PM
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Looks like he may be desperately needing her help again in the general election this Fall. His campaign is beginning to take on a lot of water and the candidate is beginning to look more like the failed Democratic Presidential candidates.
Posted by: John on August 5, 2008 at 1:30 PM | PERMALINK
Interesting, just more information supporting his celebrity label which is going to stick....
Posted by: Noel on August 5, 2008 at 1:37 PM | PERMALINK
Sounds right to me. Talk to any pollster and they will tell you that at least as many people judge candidates by their personal associations as by their positions on issues. Which is why I think Obama should reach out to Merle Haggard, who obviously doesn't want to vote Republican, and could influence exactly the sort of "disaffected white males" Obama is desperately trying to reach.
For more, please see: how-barack-can.html
Posted by: Kit Stolz on August 5, 2008 at 1:48 PM | PERMALINK
Can someone help me understand why Oprah has not been MORE public about her support for Obama? Getting some frequency of the two of them together seems like a powerful weapon. Not every day, but get it out there.
The celebrity message is for angry older voters who lament the general decline for society. Lots and lots of people in this country actually think celebrity is a good thing - sometimes the IDEAL.
Oprah has reinvented what a good celebrity can be (entrepreneur, literacy advocate, movie star, media mogul, social conscience). Her audience is huge and spans across ethnic groups and cultural differences. I don't think that the GOP wants to go after Oprah, and Obama can benefit from that.
Oprah's presence in Obama's campaign has the power to take the GOP 'celebrity' arrow and redefine it as something smart, healthy, and popular.
Posted by: The Lucky Sea Men on August 5, 2008 at 1:50 PM | PERMALINK
So what you're saying is ... affluent blacks weren't sure if or how they were going to vote until Oprah endorsed Obama?
A likely story...
Posted by: Zac on August 5, 2008 at 1:55 PM | PERMALINK
Zac: Don't be a dope. Oprah's fans are mostly white. When the authors say her magazine's readership is "disproportionately" black, that just means it's more than 10%.
Posted by: Kevin Drum on August 5, 2008 at 2:09 PM | PERMALINK
Some folks just don't have enough to do.
Posted by: Chris Brown on August 5, 2008 at 2:09 PM | PERMALINK
Could someone remind me how many votes Obama got in total in the primary? It helps to put an extra million in context.
Posted by: Jim W on August 5, 2008 at 2:13 PM | PERMALINK
I can't stand Oprah Winfrey personally, but I like her magazine and I'm voting for Obama only by default. So where in this tortured demographic do I fit, exactly?
My other question about their methodology: Is lame-ass hyphenated?
Posted by: sullijan on August 5, 2008 at 2:15 PM | PERMALINK
Quite interesting. I presume those who consider this lame, a waste of time, etc. would prefer we just leave the election analysis in the hands of the competing narrative crews?
BUT - quoting their estimate with 7 sig figs is like a red flag to me.
Posted by: davidduck on August 5, 2008 at 2:23 PM | PERMALINK
O-bama is going to need all the help he can get.
Check this out:
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/alex-castellanos/the-molten-core-of-barack_b_116904.html.
Posted by: Neil B. on August 5, 2008 at 2:24 PM | PERMALINK
Oprah 4 Veep!
Posted by: crack on August 5, 2008 at 2:32 PM | PERMALINK
Hey, if William Randolph Hearst could help get FDR in the White House (which he did), I don't mind Oprah Winfrey helping Obama get there.
Posted by: Vincent on August 5, 2008 at 2:38 PM | PERMALINK
So it WAS her endorsement that gave us Bush in 2000! Thanks for clearing that up for us.
Posted by: IowaNative on August 5, 2008 at 2:52 PM | PERMALINK
No confidence interval, at least not in the abstract. That's a bad sign.
The first author, Craig Garthwaite, is apparently a right wing think tank type. While he holds various titles such as "director of research" and "chief economist, it looks like his highest degree is a masters in public policy (under wingnut welfare rules, you can be a chief economist without a degree in economics, whodda thunk it).
source: http://mediamatters.org/items/200503050001
Posted by: Crust on August 5, 2008 at 3:14 PM | PERMALINK
Kevin, while I kinda agree with you on real vs. nominal economic numbers, I personally get more worked up by point estimates given without any indication of statistical confidence.
Posted by: Crust on August 5, 2008 at 3:19 PM | PERMALINK
My narrative of the 2008 Democratic primary is now complete: You are all advised to adopt this, because it happens to be true.
1. Clinton's vote for the war authorization left an opening for an anti-war candidate.
2. Obama's Iowa win meant the African Americans would rally to his candidacy. With African Americans being 25% of the Democratic primary/caucus electorate, this meant that Clinton had to get almost 2/3rds of the non-African American vote.
3. Oprah's endorsement of Obama meant that Clinton would not be able to climb that 2/3rds hill.
Congratulations to President Obama.
Posted by: PDX Pete on August 5, 2008 at 3:56 PM | PERMALINK
This is Tim Moore, one of the authors of this paper. Thanks for the interesting comments.
I think it is important to provide some information about our affiliations and motivations. Both Craig and I are PhD students in Economics at the University of Maryland. We thought it would be interesting to see if Oprah's endorsement had any effect on the Democratic Primary, and tried to think of ways to do so. We do not really have a view on who it may be good or bad for - hopefully it provides us with more insights into the political process and voting behavior (although it is still a working paper and we are aware of the difficulties in inferring causation).
We have been full time graduate students for the past few years, with no current employment by think tanks or similar (although Craig did work for a think tank before entering grad school). We received no funding or support on this project.
Posted by: Tim Moore on August 5, 2008 at 4:43 PM | PERMALINK
Tim Moore, thanks for the info re your affiliations, etc. Did you estimate a confidence interval for your 1,000,000 figure (putting aside the issues with inferring causation as you say)?
Posted by: Crust on August 5, 2008 at 5:49 PM | PERMALINK
OK, so I found the confidence interval in the body of the paper (p.38):
"The 95% confidence interval for this estimated effect is 423,123 to 1,596,995."
Fair enough. So with caveats about the model assumptions, that's a pretty serious effect.
Tim, if I may give you an editing suggestion for the benefit of lazy readers like me, please put that in the abstract. The conclusion too, while you're at it.
Posted by: Crust on August 5, 2008 at 6:04 PM | PERMALINK
What was the impact of Oprah's endorsment of Obama on the Oprah brand?
Posted by: Brojo on August 5, 2008 at 6:35 PM | PERMALINK
Aw. Poor widdle Repubwicans. Defeated by Oprah. How sad for you.
Posted by: Swan on August 5, 2008 at 9:54 PM | PERMALINK