Editore"s Note
Tilting at Windmills

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December 3, 2008

SOFT POWER.... Michael Chertoff, the outgoing DHS secretary, took a surprisingly progressive line on counter-terrorism investments yesterday, arguing that the U.S. "should spend more on foreign-aid programs, scholarships for foreign students and other tools of so-called soft power."

Soft power is, of course, the phrase Joseph Nye coined to describe foreign policy tools that nations can use to "achieve desired outcomes through attraction rather than coercion." Yglesias agrees with Chertoff's sentiment, but wants to retire the term "soft power" permanently.

I always feel that it's been popularized not so much by Professor Nye as by deranged warmongers who like the idea of terming every alternative to militarism as somehow "soft," fluffy, and weak. Soft Power is a good book, but it's a bad coinage for an era in which national security issues have returned as a partisan political topic, and I don't think it's an especially great label for what Nye's talking about.

Kevin is on the same page, but is looking for suggested replacements.

"Cultural power" is no good, since it evokes thoughts of cultural imperialism. "Economic power" sounds scary too, and none too apropos anyway considering the economic devastation we're currently wreaking on the world. Anyway, soft power encompasses lots of things, so any individual term won't be enough. I've heard "smart power" bandied about, but I doubt that will catch on. Too jargony. "Non-military power" gets to the nub of things, but doesn't roll off the tongue very well.

Plenty of smart people have been kicking this around for a while. I remember a sharp Ilan Goldenberg piece from May in which he argued the phrase "soft power" is "horribly named. In fact, one would be hard pressed to find a term that more effectively plays into all the negative stereotypes that the American public has about Democrats and national security."

I'm hesitant to step on his toes, but I recall Ezra tackling this subject in a couple of posts earlier this year, hoping to come up with a credible alternative. He seemed to warm up to "strategic power," before concluding that the problem is with the second word in the phrase, not the first.

After 9/11, there really was a strain of foreign policy thinking where the simple demonstration of power was an end in itself.... It's power for power's sake. And hard power will always make more sense in that framework.

Insofar as liberals -- and moderates, and realists, and non-insane people -- have a response to this, it's not within the "power" framework. It's about goals, and ends, and strategies. It's "hard power" versus strategic goals, or the national interest. I'm not sure if there's a two word summation. Though, in the short-term, "Remember Iraq?" will probably work as well as anything else.


Steve Benen 3:05 PM Permalink | Trackbacks | Comments (43)

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Comments

How about "Marketing"

Posted by: random on December 3, 2008 at 3:04 PM | PERMALINK

Enhanced power techniques

Posted by: Jesse on December 3, 2008 at 3:07 PM | PERMALINK

I recommend "Cherry Blossom Power", because a Cherry Blossom is hard on the outside, but has a soft, persuasive center.

Posted by: Mark on December 3, 2008 at 3:08 PM | PERMALINK

Imperial manipulation

Posted by: Vicki Linton on December 3, 2008 at 3:12 PM | PERMALINK

Strategic engagement?

Posted by: mk on December 3, 2008 at 3:14 PM | PERMALINK

Flour Power (as in ensuring the world is fed)

Posted by: Chopin on December 3, 2008 at 3:15 PM | PERMALINK

Strategic rescue

Posted by: Jet on December 3, 2008 at 3:15 PM | PERMALINK

Constructive influence.

Posted by: Steve Engber on December 3, 2008 at 3:23 PM | PERMALINK

Forget talking about what we call it. We need to reassess what our goals are; we may be exercising power, hard or soft, for the wrong objectives. In the age of Obama, I would hope we would scale back our power objectives, so that the exercise of power, whether hard or soft, would be less necessary.

Most of our power has been thrust forward throughout the world as a move to obtain or protect resources, mostly oil. From the middle east to all the stans surrounding Russia, we have projected our power. One of the main reasons we have spend so much on power is that we refuse to do the one thing which would make much of that power unneccessary --- a true and finally effective set of actions which would eliminate our dependence upon foreign oil. In retrospect, it would have been more cost effective than the path we have chosen.

Posted by: Tom Street on December 3, 2008 at 3:24 PM | PERMALINK

I don't get what's wrong with "smart power." How is it any more jargony than anything else?

I think "smart power" works.

Posted by: Yellow Dog on December 3, 2008 at 3:24 PM | PERMALINK

Civil(ian) Power

Posted by: firefall on December 3, 2008 at 3:26 PM | PERMALINK

Hey, here's a radical solution. Rather than tying themselves in knots about the word "soft", they should address the word "power". Wielding "power" implies that *we* intend to be in charge and the other side will be answering to us. That's where the shades of imperialism and military force come from. Oh sure, we'd be using nice methods to build them up, but we're still limiting the options to either the carrot or the stick. The implied message is still, "Do it our way or we roll right over you."

I say, unless we're talking about self-defense then we shouldn't be invoking "power" at all. We'll restore our international respect when we start treating other people as equals, and stop treating them as minions who we can order around at whim.

Posted by: Shade Tail on December 3, 2008 at 3:27 PM | PERMALINK

Wow Chertoff almost sounds like a voice of reason.
The US is always a better nation when it leads by the power of its example rather than the example of its power.

Posted by: redrover on December 3, 2008 at 3:29 PM | PERMALINK

"Diplomacy"

Posted by: CN on December 3, 2008 at 3:30 PM | PERMALINK

This sounds alot like spreading the wealth you global federal reserve note pinko liberal commies!!


/wingnut/spreading wealth/rant.dat

Posted by: Jet on December 3, 2008 at 3:32 PM | PERMALINK

Plowshare Power

Posted by: Bassfish on December 3, 2008 at 3:37 PM | PERMALINK

The word "power" implies coercion and is thus just as misleading as "soft". How about "Peaceful Engagement", or "Nonviolent Means".

Posted by: Bob C on December 3, 2008 at 3:39 PM | PERMALINK

Positive Influence

Posted by: Shalimar on December 3, 2008 at 3:41 PM | PERMALINK

'Legitimate Power' - it addresses root causes, rather than bludgeoning symptoms.

Posted by: Marty B on December 3, 2008 at 3:42 PM | PERMALINK

strategic alignment, civic partnerships, neo-progressivism, image/value restoration, partner building, etc.

Posted by: ben on December 3, 2008 at 3:42 PM | PERMALINK

how about 'flexible power'

Posted by: coltergeist on December 3, 2008 at 3:49 PM | PERMALINK

If TR's philosophy was 'speak softly and carry a big stick,' then GWB's (and RR's before him) is 'speak loudly and carry a big schtick.'

Thank you, I'll be here all week.

In all seriousness, though, I think that there's less of an issue w/the term 'soft power' than in its actual use. The Peace Corps is a brilliant example of the US' soft power at its best: idealistic young Americans going out to some of the roughest parts of the world and sacrificing of themselves to try and make things a bit better. As an example, expanding the Peace Corps would do more to help the US' standing in the world than any new military program, PR offensive, or change away from the term 'soft power' could ever hope to do.

Positive actions, not words,
-Z

Posted by: Zorro on December 3, 2008 at 3:51 PM | PERMALINK

I say kill 'em all and let God sort 'em out...

The Smart power frame works best for me.
It also has the added benefit of making people think logically about its opposite.

Posted by: koreyel on December 3, 2008 at 4:04 PM | PERMALINK

How about co-opting "anti-idiotarian." It would have the advantage of being accurate when used to describe this approach.

Posted by: rk on December 3, 2008 at 4:08 PM | PERMALINK

For centuries, people used the word "power" to denote a nation's capability to use coercive force, military or otherwise, and "influence" to describe its use of the other stuff. This worked. Let's go back to it.
Marketing language, even when used for a good end, is bullshit.

Posted by: JMG on December 3, 2008 at 4:08 PM | PERMALINK

Goodwill toward others? Global outreach?

Power, especially in American hands tends to be synonymous with abuse.

Posted by: The Galloping Trollop on December 3, 2008 at 4:09 PM | PERMALINK

Ju-Do: The Gentle Way

Posted by: martin on December 3, 2008 at 4:19 PM | PERMALINK

ahimsa see gandhi and mlk the power of non-violent direct action.

Posted by: st john on December 3, 2008 at 4:37 PM | PERMALINK

Global cooperation. Peace building. The Global Peace and Prosperity Program. Prosperity Assistance.

Posted by: N.Wells on December 3, 2008 at 4:39 PM | PERMALINK

Bureaucratic Power. That should work well for us.

Posted by: BP on December 3, 2008 at 4:41 PM | PERMALINK

"National Attractivenes" better describes what Nye wrote about than does "Soft power." So long as the world at large admired our social mobility, our moral political system, our educational institutions, our economy, our neat stuff, and our sexy, vibrant pop culture we had a dramatic advantage over our rivals.

We still do, but that advantage has lessened as we abused our moral politial system by torturing any one we suspect of opposing us, eavesdroping on anyone outside the US and too many within it, and demonstrating in 2004 that we, as a nation, approved those thngs as well as a stupid, brutal invasion of a weak state which had done nothing to us. With our ecomomy in freefall, at least partly because of our boundless appetite for more and more neat stuff, we need to understand that the rest of the world has begun to believe other systems work better than ours. Our popular culture remains attractive, but many find that a problem in itself. I remember a Turk watching an MTV video (you remember when MTV broadcast videos?) and turning to tell me "I understand the Ayatollah. I love America, but I don't want my daughter to grow up to be a video dancer." We offend traditional societies.

Call it attraction or soft power, we can't control it or use it as a weapon. We have to live it, and hope the rest of the world comes to again like what we become. Right now, we don't have much of whatever you want to call it.

Posted by: Carl Matthews on December 3, 2008 at 4:44 PM | PERMALINK

Here's a crazy idea. Let's call it humanitarian deplomacy...'cuz, that's what it is.

Posted by: independent thinker on December 3, 2008 at 4:44 PM | PERMALINK

Well, I'd settle for just calling it "competence", but if you really, truly want to bring "Red Sate America" along, you have to call it something to rival the reassuringly masculine, beligerant simplicity of "kickin' ass." Might I suggest we start by referring to diplomacy as "swinging pipe" and foreign aid as "walking around money." They'll love it in Dixie!

Posted by: Chesire11 on December 3, 2008 at 4:47 PM | PERMALINK

If we are worried about what the world thinks, let's call it:
Anti-Bush Diplomacy
GWB Sucks Big Hairy Balls Persuation

For Real:
Common Sense Diplomacy
Economic Persuasion
Obama's Foreign Policy
-----------------------

I had no idea Chertoff had come out of his coma ?? Must be looking for work.

Posted by: ScottW on December 3, 2008 at 5:10 PM | PERMALINK

It seems to be a contextual argument.

"Soft power" works when talking about influence a "Superpower" can exert on other nations.

If you want to change the tone, you have to start much more broadly.

Nurturing the concept of the world would as a community would is a good place to start.

Posted by: TBone on December 3, 2008 at 5:40 PM | PERMALINK

Smart power works--but should also include military might. Building "strategic support" is what we need, and yes that's diplomacy, marketing, strategic engagement, cultural hegemony, etc.

Posted by: golack on December 3, 2008 at 7:07 PM | PERMALINK

Non-invasive persuasion. I like the first term when comparing surgery options. I think it works well here, too.

Posted by: Eric Faulkner on December 3, 2008 at 7:37 PM | PERMALINK

Non-invasive persuasion. I like the first term when comparing surgery options. I think it works well here, too.

Posted by: Eric Faulkner on December 3, 2008 at 7:37 PM | PERMALINK

so far, i like the suggestions 'constructive influence' and 'humanitarian diplomacy'. but, to add my .02, how 'bout 'gravitational power'?

Posted by: marydem on December 3, 2008 at 9:18 PM | PERMALINK

Moral power. Framing it so the right has to argue for immorality, or that moral power is not really moral, or not really powerful (tell it to Gandhi, or MLK).

Posted by: Mayson Lancaster on December 3, 2008 at 9:25 PM | PERMALINK

Substitute "persuasion" for "power" along with whatever adjective appeals to you.

Posted by: Texas Aggie on December 3, 2008 at 10:34 PM | PERMALINK

Commensalism. Because we're all in this together.

Posted by: Adam Rice on December 3, 2008 at 10:54 PM | PERMALINK

Surely Bush's version of "walk quietly and carry a big stick" was "yell about reptiles and wave a goddamn marlinspike"?

Posted by: Alex on December 4, 2008 at 4:59 AM | PERMALINK




 

 

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