Editore"s Note
Tilting at Windmills

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March 24, 2009

BUILDING ON A TRACK RECORD.... If the most recent interview on "60 Minutes" is any indication, President Obama is giving a fair amount of thought to the U.S. auto industry's bleak future. As he conceded, there's little optimism for the industry, and further government intervention strikes many as dubious.

In the new issue of the Washington Monthly, however, Phillip Longman, a senior fellow at the New America Foundation, has a great piece drawing a key parallel policymakers would be wise to consider.

[A]ny honest reading of history suggests that the federal government has quite an impressive record of rescuing institutions considered too big to fail. In addition to almost routine workouts of failed banks conducted in good and bad times by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation and other regulators, the list includes many large industrial companies as well. In 1971, for example, Congress extended emergency loans to failing aircraft builder Lockheed and wound up not only saving a company vital to America's national defense and export manufacturing base, but earning a net income for the Treasury of $5.4 million in loan fees.

In 1980 it did the same for Chrysler, this time extending loan guarantees in exchange for stock warrants that, after the company returned to health and paid back its loans, yielded the government a cool $311 million in capital gains. More recently, in the aftermath of 9/11, Congress granted airlines $5 billion in direct compensation for lost business and up to $10 billion in loan guarantees, again in exchange for stock warrants. That wasn't enough to save many individual airlines from having to undergo restructuring plans imposed by bankruptcy judges, but when Americans took to the air again they found the industry intact and offering plenty of flights. Moreover, by February 2007, airline stocks had recovered enough that the Treasury was able to sell its warrants for a net profit of $119 million, with no loans left outstanding.

Now, however, comes the prospect of something much larger. Government has already thrown billions at the gigantic mess that is the American auto industry. With Detroit continuing to hemorrhage jobs and cash in a deeply troubled economy, it looks as if government will have to take a much more hands-on approach to reengineering the industry, if not through the bankruptcy courts then through direct executive supervision. Should we be worried that government will make a hash of it? Of course. But there is a bright shining example from not so long ago of government bureaucrats engineering the revival of an industry easily as troubled as today's automakers and, if anything, more central to the economy. And it all turned out better than anyone dared hope, with a dazzling return to profitability.

That bright shining example is the railroad industry. Longman's piece explains the similarities, and explores why the success can be repeated.

Take a look.

Steve Benen 1:30 AM Permalink | Trackbacks | Comments (12)
 
Comments

Wow! The government didn't fuck up.
Who knew?

Posted by: jay boilswater on March 24, 2009 at 1:17 AM | PERMALINK

In case no one has noticed, that was about the fourth time we paid for the railroads.

Posted by: nonheroicvet on March 24, 2009 at 6:23 AM | PERMALINK

Well, we can be sure the defense contractors will be safe. They have managed to spread the plants making assemblies and parts for high dollar defense items over 38 or more states ensuring that many congressman will fight to preserve that manufacturer in their respective states. I wish I knew my job was that secure.

Posted by: tko on March 24, 2009 at 7:15 AM | PERMALINK

Let the government take over all three. Hire someone senior from Toyota or Honda. Put him in charge of a semi-detached government entity that owns and runs all three of them. Let him fire as many folks as he thinks necessary. No golden parachutes. Let him hire the folks he thinks he needs. When he thinks one or another has recovered to the point that it can support itself and remain viable, he can sell the government share as fast or as slow as his financial analysts think the markets can absorb it. If he thinks they can not support themselves as they are, he can break them up or sell off parts that someone else might want, but he's got to try to save them for five years or so before he can consider this, and it will have to meet with some congressional committee's oversight.

They can't survive as they are, with the management they have. Those are the people who got them into this predicament. Why would anyone think they could get them out? (AIG, anyone? Best and brightest? Bullshit.)

Posted by: cn on March 24, 2009 at 7:42 AM | PERMALINK

Cars as we know them are dead. Apart from wheels, there's not that much in common between the auto industry and the railroad industry. People are giving up on cars for four reasons: 1) smelly old gasoline 2) Internet 3) boredom 4) embarrassment. The myth that cars are fun no longer flies. Cars are stupid, boring and destructive. Everyone knows that, even if they can't admit it. By contrast, trains are cool. Maybe with clean renewable energy cars have a future. Otherwise, no. Hybrids could be in with a shout.

A different kettle of fish entirely, apart from the wheels and government involvement. Really a new industry, apart from the wheels, is required.

Posted by: Goldilocks on March 24, 2009 at 7:52 AM | PERMALINK

But there is a bright shining example from not so long ago of government bureaucrats engineering the revival of an industry easily as troubled as today's automakers and, if anything, more central to the economy.

Repeal of Prohibition?

Posted by: alan on March 24, 2009 at 8:01 AM | PERMALINK

All the car parts suppliers in the octopusal dispersed assembly chain that add up to making an American car are all yesterday's news anyway.

The parts and technology that go into a non-internal combustion car, something affordable and new, will be altogether different.

The people supplying parts now won't be doing it tomorrow.

Why focus on trying to keep them in business? In this business, anyway.

Posted by: alan on March 24, 2009 at 8:06 AM | PERMALINK

So, Longman has recycled the article he wrote a month or two ago that didn't say a lot new at that time?

I'll pass.

Posted by: SocraticGadfly on March 24, 2009 at 10:36 AM | PERMALINK

> railroads
> fourth time we've paid for the railroads

Amazing how people forget what their great-grandparents and grandparents got suckered into, eh?

1873 Panic sweeps NY Stock Exchange (railroad bond default/bank failure)

1908, La Follette on bailout of banks that issued bunk bonds for railroads

1933
http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=22826

"There are a multitude of complaints of business men that they cannot secure the usual credit to carry their operations on a normal basis .... The only real way to brake this cycle is to restore confidence in the people at large. To do this requires major unified action that will give confidence to the country. It is this that I have asked of the New York bankers.
...
Yours faithfully,
HERBERT HOOVER"

Posted by: Hank Roberts on March 24, 2009 at 11:07 AM | PERMALINK

I want a Tata Nano.

Banks create credit, but manufacturing creates wealth. Not much use getting credit if you can't generate any wealth to pay off debt. We have reached a point where we can only maintain our standard of living by over-borrowing on credit cards, over-borrowing on mortgages, and over-borrowing on paying for government. Living within our means implies a vastly lower standard of living in the future.

Indeed a knotty problem. The engineering and science associated with manufacturing is the high tech sector of the economy (not Silicon Valley), but the production side of manufacturing is low tech that can be done by low cost foreign labor, so manufacturing moves to China. Military power comes from industrial power and technology, so as our industries decline, so does our military power.

Innovation and patent protection is one bulwark against the hordes of low wage competition. Three problems there. Educational standards are far lower than they were in the heyday of US technological supremacy, low grade immigrants have displaced much of the world class personnel we used to have in R&D, and hired-to-invent in this country means there is no incentive for professional R&D people to invent, unlike Japan and Germany.

Posted by: Luther on March 24, 2009 at 11:13 AM | PERMALINK

As much as I long to give Detroit ye olde Bronx cheer. I see plenty of possibilities if we can just get past the idea that "the Big 3" are part of the equation.

Feed little companies doing innovative things like Rohm and Tesla. Help Fiat give Chrysler one last go, bury GM or fold components into Ford if it helps Ford retool better somehow, and be on the lookout for new contenders to encourage.

When your team hasn't won a Superbowl in 20+ years, it may be time to ditch the old slow veterans and get rookies off the bench. Young teams don't win Superbowls at first, but they might someday. These vets don't have the speed anymore and they're busted up from years of doing what they always did.

Posted by: toowearyforoutrage on March 24, 2009 at 12:03 PM | PERMALINK

The Detroit Big 3 (Who are fronts for the oil companies), the banks (Who conduit the oil company money) and AIG (who keeps the oil companies protected) were handed money in a sack within a few days with no questions asked, no application and no review process but the alternative energy people, ie: wind, solar and electric cars must pay massive fees, file thousands of pages of paper and wait years to see if they MIGHT get some money. It seems as if there is an intentional program going on to delay alternative energy. Already, multiple solar companies that were waiting for that money have been forced to go out of business by the delay and most of the electric car companies are going to die soon too.

Posted by: Carl Reever on March 24, 2009 at 1:21 PM | PERMALINK




 

 
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