Editore"s Note
Tilting at Windmills

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May 27, 2009

EMPATHY CAN CUT BOTH WAYS.... It's tempting to point to every conservative who's complained of late about President Obama, the Supreme Court, and "empathy," but it would take too long. Like a child overly attached to a blanket, this has become the talking point the right simply can't live without. (Michael Steele's "I'll give you empathy; empathize right on your behind" remains a personal favorite.)

At first blush, this seems like a political loser. Republicans seem to expect Americans to recoil at the idea of an "empathetic" judge, but the typical person, I suspect, will not see this as some kind of dreaded "code" word.

But there are two arguably more important angles to this. The first is that the right, a little too anxious to wage a "war on empathy," seems to have lost sight of what the word means. As Dahlia Lithwick recently explained, "Empathy in a judge does not mean stopping midtrial to tenderly clutch the defendant to your heart and weep. It doesn't mean reflexively giving one class of people an advantage over another because their lives are sad or difficult. When the president talks about empathy, he talks not of legal outcomes but of an intellectual and ethical process: the ability to think about the law from more than one perspective."

The second is a point Adam Serwer makes very effectively today. Conservative jurists consider empathy in application of the law all the time -- they simply feel empathetic towards a different group of people.

Conservatives want their justices to empathize with the religious, the unborn, and powerful corporate interests. Liberals want their justices to empathize with women and minorities, workers and the downtrodden.

For all the pearl-clutching horror coming from the right, the conservative legal movement has picked its plaintiffs carefully, with an eye towards catching the winds of public opinion through sympathetic plaintiffs such as Frank Ricci, the white firefighter who was denied a promotion, or Terri Schiavo's parents, Robert and Mary Schindler, who sought to keep her on life support despite her husband's claim that she expressed a desire not to be kept alive in a persistent vegetative state. Empathy is an important element of the conservative legal movement on both sides of the bench. Most recently, it's been conservatives who have been arguing for empathy for the architects and perpetrators of torture on the grounds that they broke the law ostensibly in the interest of the country, while liberals have called for rigidity in upholding laws against torture.

Excellent point. In abortion rights cases, conservative justices have expressed empathy for fetuses, hypothetical mothers, and would-be fathers. In gay rights cases, conservative justices have expressed empathy for conservative families. In cases involving public funding of private religious schools, conservative justices have expressed empathy for parents in underperforming public school districts.

In each case, the larger conservative movement didn't express outrage at the judges' willingness to break with the mechanical application of the law; they were thrilled. Empathy matters to the right, just so long as the "proper" person or group is the beneficiary.

Indeed, this comes up even in the midst of the complaints about empathy. We've heard quite a bit over the last two days about Connecticut firefighter Frank Ricci, who, despite dyslexia, worked hard to do well on a written exam established by the local fire department for a promotion. He was passed over, however, because the test results were thrown out, when officials feared the exam was discriminatory against African Americans.

The legal question was a narrow one: "[T]he only real question before the court was whether New Haven had reason to believe that if the city used the test results it would be sued under Title VII. Mr. Ricci's specific circumstances -- his race, his dyslexia, and his professional aggravation -- have no bearing on that legal question at all."

So why are conservatives so quick to point to these details? Because they want the courts and the public to feel empathy for Ricci, appreciating the details that make him feel aggrieved.

The right may not like it, but empathy cuts both ways.

Steve Benen 1:20 PM Permalink | Trackbacks | Comments (20)

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Comments

[T]he only real question before the court was whether New Haven had reason to believe that if the city used the test results it would be sued under Title VII.

So why does Title 7 have priority over the statute they were sued over?

Posted by: Danp on May 27, 2009 at 1:32 PM | PERMALINK

They don't just want to have empathy for fetuses, they want to equate a single fertilized egg with a "baby."

Posted by: Obama / Steelers / etc on May 27, 2009 at 1:38 PM | PERMALINK

Funny, now that Sotomayor has been selected, the complaint is she doesn't have empathy - isn't able to understand the needs of anyone except Hispanics and women.

Posted by: Sabo Pike on May 27, 2009 at 1:42 PM | PERMALINK

If Republicans don't want empathy in courtrooms, then surely they will support eliminating those theatrical "victim impact statements" from criminal trials.

Posted by: kc on May 27, 2009 at 1:43 PM | PERMALINK

They want judges to have sympathy for conservative plaintiffs, not empathy. They simply don't understand the difference.

Posted by: Atlliberal on May 27, 2009 at 1:44 PM | PERMALINK

Danp - because Ricci claimed the city violated.... Title 7.

Posted by: Ohioan on May 27, 2009 at 1:44 PM | PERMALINK

Technically, it isn't possible to empathize with the unborn. It is this conflating empathy and sympathy which is at the heart of this idiocy.

Posted by: jhm on May 27, 2009 at 1:44 PM | PERMALINK

I have followed [Clarence Thomas'] career for some time, and he has excelled in everything that he has attempted. He is a delightful and warm, intelligent person, who has great empathy and a wonderful sense of humor. He's also a fiercely independent thinker with an excellent legal mind who believes passionately in equal opportunity for all Americans. He will approach the cases that come before the Court with a commitment to deciding them fairly, as the facts and the law require.

- George H. W. Bush

Posted by: JM on May 27, 2009 at 1:47 PM | PERMALINK

Can't wait until this devolves into a debate over how to pronounce Ricci's name.

Posted by: Chocolate Thunder on May 27, 2009 at 1:49 PM | PERMALINK

I have never heard a conservative complain when judges give special consideration to children from "stable" (i.e. rich and white) families. Conservatives don't say a word when the defense lawyers ask judges to consider the impact that a jail sentence, or even trial as an adult, would have on these children's futures.


Posted by: SteveT on May 27, 2009 at 1:55 PM | PERMALINK

It's very simple: A judge with an ounce of empathy couldn't undertake the legal contortions needed to find for the defendant in the case involving a 13-year-old girl strip searched for no good reason at all -- and found to be innocent of any wrongdoing.

A judge with an ounce of empathy also would have found adopting such a tendentious reading of the law in Ledbetter highly distasteful.

In short, empathy makes it less likely the SCOTUS will rule for the powerful, wealthy and well-connected. As such, it's clearly anathema to so-called conservative legal thought.

Posted by: Gregory on May 27, 2009 at 1:58 PM | PERMALINK

Solomon himself might reappear on earth and be nominated by Obama, and the GOP would still howl. They are the party of Rule or Ruin. Elections have no repercussions on their tactics, strategies, or aspirations.

Posted by: JL on May 27, 2009 at 2:04 PM | PERMALINK

I find Repubs' recent yammering about empathy rather amusing. For years, many of us have speculated that the inability to empathize was responsible for their often closed-minded behavior. Now, as if to confirm our theories...

Anyway, good post, SB.

Posted by: beep52 on May 27, 2009 at 2:27 PM | PERMALINK

Straw people? The right will clearly oppose anything or anyone Obama puts forth. It is their modus vivendi until they get back in power.

As for the Supreme Court; the myth of the impartial court is being played by the right as if it were true. Once again they have succeeded in framing the issue their way, and the left is responding to that frame instead of creating an alternative.

I don't think simply pointing out that judges have perspectives through which they "find" the law will work. It is too much of a "they do it too" argument. But I am at a loss on how to get that point across.

By the way, I still find it incomprehensible that even someone as smart as, for example, Justice Scalia, believes that his perspective does not color his decisions.

Posted by: marc on May 27, 2009 at 2:53 PM | PERMALINK

I thought it was quite obvious that they do not know or care to explain the dictionary definitions of "empathy" and "sympathy." They believe they are the same thing. It's not surprising, a lot of people do, but it shows either a sad lack of understanding from supposed leaders of the movement or a deliberate misinterpretation of the definitions to mislead their followers. I presume it's the latter.

Posted by: Matt on May 27, 2009 at 3:30 PM | PERMALINK

The entire basis of American government is the concept of benevolence as described by 18th century philosopher Francis Hutcheson, which is pretty exactly the same thing we mean by 'empathy'.

from,
http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/scottish-18th/

"Hutcheson reacted against both the psychological egoism of Thomas Hobbes and the rationalism of Samuel Clarke and William Wollaston. As regards Hobbes, Hutcheson thought his doctrine was both wrong and dangerous; wrong because by the frame of our nature we have compassionate, generous and benevolent affections which owe nothing at all to calculations of self-interest, and dangerous because people may be discouraged from the morally worthy exercise of cultivating generous affections in themselves on the grounds that the exercise of such affections is really an exercise in dissimulation or pretence. As against Hobbes Hutcheson held that a morally good act is one motivated by benevolence, a desire for the happiness of others. Indeed the wider the scope of the act the better, morally speaking, the act is; Hutcheson was the first to speak of 'the greatest happiness for the greatest numbers'."

People who are opposed to empathy are opposed to the United States itself.

Read all about it in Garry Wills' Inventing America.

Posted by: alan on May 27, 2009 at 3:34 PM | PERMALINK

Please, why can't journalists and bloggers get this simple linguistic fact correct: the word is "empathic", not "empathetic". Yes, I know we have "sympathy" and "sympathetic", but it doesn't work the same way.

Posted by: donbux on May 27, 2009 at 3:39 PM | PERMALINK

I personally like the conservative judges' empathy for corporate profits over people injured by a corporations actions (or failures to act).

Limiting punitive damages? How does THAT apply the law rather than making law, huh?

Oh, and donbux? Words mean what most people THINK they mean. That's language for you.

Posted by: Cal Gal on May 27, 2009 at 3:42 PM | PERMALINK

Outstanding post, Steve!!

Empathy certainly translates to "activist" in the judicial context of conservative(ahem)..thinking. Republic party wingnuts only want activist (or empahetic)judges making decisions they like, calling it "rigidly enforcing the constitution and the rule of law", as they see it.

Hypocrites, the lot of them.

Posted by: Stevie B on May 27, 2009 at 10:52 PM | PERMALINK

Empathy is the ability to feel what others feel. Someone who possesses the ability to feel empathy cannot turn it on and off for political gain. It's on for everyone, all the time. Then they employ their intellect, and the law, to use it properly. Anyone who cannot feel empathy is seriously mentally ill. Nothing to brag about. This accusation should be just laughed at.

Posted by: m.e.b. on May 28, 2009 at 5:18 PM | PERMALINK




 

 

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