Editore"s Note
Tilting at Windmills

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June 15, 2009
By: Hilzoy

Realism

George Packer has written that rare thing: a thoughtful, serious, and interesting post with which I almost completely disagree. It's on the tension between realism and idealism as manifested in the Obama administration's response to Iran. I start disagreeing here:

"For eight years, George W. Bush maintained that there was no tension, let alone contradiction, between "our interests and our values." The result of this simplistic thinking was to turn American foreign policy into a sustained exercise in hypocrisy and double standards: we declared ourselves the world's guarantor of freedom, while ignoring or explaining away Mubarak's repression in Egypt, the Central Asian dictatorships that gave us basing rights, and our own misdeeds and misbegotten policies in the war on terror. We told struggling democrats across the globe that we were on their side, raising their hopes only to disappoint them, while refusing on principle to take the necessary steps toward negotiating with odious regimes like Ahmadinejad's in Tehran. Bush's soaring second Inaugural in defense of freedom everywhere turned out to be an exercise in moral narcissism: it made the Administration sound righteous while doing precious little to advance rights. By the time Bush left office, we had the worst of all outcomes: a policy that paralyzed American diplomacy, crippled the pursuit of our own interests, offered a token support for human rights only where we saw fit, and earned the world's cynicism and scorn."

I agree with Packer's description of Bush's foreign policy; I'd add our failure to stick up for the democracy in Lebanon, and our decision first to force an election in the Palestinian territories and then to punish the Palestinians when they voted for the wrong people. But I don't think that this comes from thinking that "that there was no tension, let alone contradiction, between 'our interests and our values.'" On the contrary: I think that conflicts between our overall interests and our values are rather rare, if you take a long enough view, and if you resist the temptation to identify America's interests with, say, those of the United Fruit Company.

Dictators come and go, but the people of a country remains, and while we might forget our various interventions in their affairs, they often have long memories, as we would if the situation were reversed. For this reason, I think there ought to be a presumption that siding with a country's people, as opposed to its dictators, is in our interests, and an extremely strong presumption against undermining democratically elected governments. Likewise, there ought to be a presumption that we should deal fairly and transparently with other countries: again, people tend to remember these things.

These presumptions would certainly have served us well in Iran, Guatemala, and a whole host of other countries where we have pursued some short-term advantage and paid a long-term price. It would plainly have been better for the people in those countries. And it would have been in accordance with our values.

Packer then argues that Obama is tilting foreign policy back from Bush's "idealism" to "realism", but that in the case of Iran, he risks taking this too far:

"I understand that the Administration wants to let the chaos in Iran play itself out without committing to a position that might be rendered hollow by events. I understand and agree with its continued insistence on pursuing a policy of negotiation that's in America's interest. I understand that this head-on collision between interests and values is not at all easy to navigate. But "realism" should no more be an ideological fetish under Obama than "freedom" was under Bush. (...)

With riot police and armed militiamen beating and, in a few reported cases, killing unarmed demonstrators in the streets of Iran's cities, for the Obama Administration to continue parsing equivocal phrases serves no purpose other than to make it look feckless. Part of realism is showing that you have a clear grasp of reality -- that you know the difference between decency and barbarism when both are on display for the whole world to see. A stronger American stand -- taken, as much as possible, in concert with European countries and through multilateral organizations -- would do more to improve America's negotiating position than weaken it. Acknowledging the compelling voices of the desperate young Iranians who, after all, only want their votes counted, would not deep-six the possibility of American-Iranian talks. Ahmadinejad and his partners in the clerical-military establishment will talk to us exactly when and if they think it's in their interest. Right now, they don't appear to. And the tens of millions of Iranians who voted for change and are the long-term future of that country will always remember what America said and did when they put their lives on the line for their values."

The crucial assumption here is that our values imply that Obama should speak out. I don't think that they do. I think that we ought to do whatever stands the best chance of helping Iran achieve full democracy. And it's not at all obvious to me that that means speaking out. Offhand, I would have thought that speaking out in favor of the protestors would be about as good an idea as Britain's endorsing its favored candidate in our Presidential election in 1808, which is to say: it would be very, very unlikely to help its intended beneficiary.

I agree with Spencer Ackerman: (emphasis added)

"What's missing here is an effort at determining what the Iranian dissenters want from the Obama administration. The fact that it's not clear what the answer to that question is itself serves as a powerful indicator that the protest movement is first and foremost concerned about handling this on its own. As best I can tell from NIAC and from Twitter and from talking with Iranian human-rights advocates in the U.S., the dissenters want the Obama administration to refuse to recognize the Ahmadinejad's claims of victory; to express concern for the safety of the protesters; and then to get out of the way. (...)

It's emotionally unsatisfying not to proclaim unequivocal support for the protesters. But the truer measure of support, as Trita Parsi told me, is to follow their lead. Moussavi, for instance, has not issued any statement about what he wants the international community to do. If the protesters begin calling for a more direct American response, then that really will have to compel the administration to reconsider its position. But until then, with so many lives at stake, the administration can't afford to take a stance just because it makes Americans feel just and righteous."

Scott Eric Kaufman (h/t Spencer) relays this conversation with an Iranian student whose brother is in Iran:

"When my student bemoaned the cautiousness of Obama administration's statements, his brother confirmed one aspect of Spencer Ackerman's account of the administration's behavior, saying that government forces are already accusing protesters of collaborating with the U.S., and that protesters are actually worried that Obama will make an explicit show of support, as that would restore some credibility to what the government has said about the election and, more importantly, could undermine a reform coalition in which some factions are none-too-fond of America."

Realism involves looking hard at the world as it is, and not doing things just because they make you feel good. In this case, if coming out strongly in favor of the protesters would strengthen Ahmedinejad's hand, then we should absolutely not do it, however strongly we might be tempted.

This is not about us, and we should not make it about us.

Hilzoy 11:14 PM Permalink | Trackbacks | Comments (20)
 
Comments

I'd like him to condemn the violence against the protesters a little more strongly actually.

Posted by: MNPundit on June 15, 2009 at 11:34 PM | PERMALINK

What's the line? When your enemy is busy destroying himself, don't get in his way? That's the basic principle.

Posted by: Adam on June 15, 2009 at 11:42 PM | PERMALINK

Considering our history in Iran, attempting to support what a sizable percentage of the Iranian public probably views as another CIA backed coup-attempt would be incredibly stupid.

It would give the hard-liners the cover they need to start using force in earnest.

Posted by: Adam on June 15, 2009 at 11:44 PM | PERMALINK

packer is a philistine. writing crap like this -- as if some orchestration of obama statements is really all that important when any stand against the iranian gov at this juncture gives them cover for even more repression.

packer doesn't care...

obama seems to in that he is responding honestly, and not orchestrating some ideological bullshit on the chaos...

Posted by: neill on June 15, 2009 at 11:54 PM | PERMALINK

I posted something regarding this point earlier tonight:

"It wouldn't be in our best interests to come out in support of Moussavi right now. You know why? John McCain should. Ahmadinejad's future strategy would be modeled after his.

Remember? When Castro and Chavez had some kind words to say about Obama before the election last November? McCain and his Republican cohorts FREAKED OUT. The enemy likes him! He's America's enemy! He's a Manchurian Candidate! AHHHH!

You don't think Ahmadinejad would do the same thing against the reformers?"

It's ridiculous how some politicians think Americans are the only ones that care about sovereignty. Every nation thinks it is exceptional. And everyone has a right to self-determination. Even if it's happening more slowly than some may like.

Posted by: Shuffle on June 15, 2009 at 11:58 PM | PERMALINK

Ackerman:"the dissenters want the Obama administration to refuse to recognize the Ahmadinejad's claims of victory"

That might have been impactful before the European Union recognized the outcome of the election.

Posted by: Joe Friday on June 16, 2009 at 12:00 AM | PERMALINK

Realism involves looking hard at the world as it is, and not doing things just because they make you feel good. In this case, if coming out strongly in favor of the protesters would strengthen Ahmedinejad's hand, then we should absolutely not do it, however strongly we might be tempted.

Spot on Hilzoy! Spot on.

Posted by: Comrade Stuck on June 16, 2009 at 12:23 AM | PERMALINK

"Ideals" and "values" are where you find them and what you make of them.

These are tautological words.

Posted by: Cal Gal on June 16, 2009 at 1:10 AM | PERMALINK

A tautology is true by definition. A mere word cannot be a tautology. ;)

Posted by: hilzoy on June 16, 2009 at 1:21 AM | PERMALINK

Don't confuse yourself Hilzoy by thinking these people actually give a damn about the people of any country other than the ones in their own imagination. We should install the Shah again to represent our version of democratic principles while we go about policing the world for what is best for it since we know so well what that should be. We've proven it so many times you know...oh wait, we never went quite far enough huh?

No matter what Obama does he would be criticized for it by the likes of these goobers.

People like you, and Greenwald, and Benen can be trusted in your criticism of the president but not these people. They search for ways to demean him. Left to these people diplomacy would be an embarrassment to the US. We would be left with "We are all Iranians now".

After Iraq and Afghanistan and Gaza, it's best that we operate by the power of attraction rather than compulsion and focus on getting our own house in order. Single payer any one? Sorry, but in a democracy you're not allowed.

Posted by: bjobotts on June 16, 2009 at 1:25 AM | PERMALINK

Hmm. That penultimate sentence is interesting, not only as a strategy (to me, it sounds like a pretty good idea), but also because it shows the possibility of the other side realizing that there's a chance to construct a similarly strange-bedfellows coalition, between the Ahmedinejad-loving neocons ("We want our Enemy Du Jour!!1!") and the moderate/liberal idealists who argue America should play a more active role because they want to say/do something in support of "the good guys," whoever those are at any given point.

In fact, this seems a lot like the dynamic that suckered a fair number of non-neocon commentators (Tom Friedman, Richard Cohen; I'm looking at you here) into supporting the Iraq War, on the grounds that, "Well, Saddam's a bad guy, we can't let him stay, no matter what the cost to anyone else, or even ourselves!" You'd think non-neocons would know better than to be useful idiots for conservative causes, but that's part of being susceptible to being a useful idiot: you can't tell when you're being used, because you can't imagine someone would do that.

Posted by: Chris on June 16, 2009 at 1:35 AM | PERMALINK

Hilzoy, another good post.

I'll add two complications:

(1) whatever American/Iranian long-term interests are, both governments have a strong short-term interest in preserving power, which may entail granting the wishes of some segments of society whose short-term interest is different from the long term interest of the people. You can think of complications of this nature for American Democrats and Republicans, Congress and President, and also for Iranian politicians and factions.

(2) if there is something that Obama can do to help (I share your scepticism), there will be pressure on him to do it at exactly the right time, the tipping point; it would be an omission error not to do so. There are people who claim that Truman's refusal to recognize Ho Chi Minh's government of Vietnam was such an omission error; and that a decision not to recognize Israel would have been another. Perhaps there will be mixed reports from Iran about what the dissident leaders really want?

Posted by: MatthewRMarler on June 16, 2009 at 2:06 AM | PERMALINK

We will be blogging the strike and yet another demonstration at 5PM Tehran today at http://www.nomadlife.org. One of our blogger is currently living in Tehran with the students.

Posted by: Dody Gunawinata on June 16, 2009 at 2:13 AM | PERMALINK

Chris--

Let's not forget that another non-neocon commenter who was suckered into supporting the Iraq War was Packer himself, who spent a fair amount of effort arguing that the DFHs were too stupid to understand how necessary military action against Saddam was.

Packer needs to step away from the keyboard for a good long time to atone for his own stupidity.

Posted by: DocAmazing on June 16, 2009 at 2:57 AM | PERMALINK

packer is a philistine. writing crap like this -- as if some orchestration of obama statements is really all that important when any stand against the iranian gov at this juncture gives them cover for even more repression.

Calling someone a philistine means they are a cultural boor. But historically, Philistine culture was more rich and developed than that of the Israelites around them during that period, so to be historically accurate, you should say "Packer is an Israelite."

Irony.

Posted by: MNPundit on June 16, 2009 at 4:08 AM | PERMALINK

First, we do not know what the actual election results were. Second, we are dealing with a government whose democratically elected Iranian predecessor was violently overthrown in 1953 by the CIA, to be replaced by the dictator puppet Shah, until he was in turn overthrown by the Mullahs in 1979. So perhaps the current Iranian ruling class has some reason to be suspicious of US meddling in their internal affairs. The problem with screwing around with other peoples' governments is that later your high-sounding phrases regarding their internal political processes tend to ring hollow.

Posted by: rbe1 on June 16, 2009 at 5:00 AM | PERMALINK

How does your internal editor allow you to write a phrase like "George Bush's foreign policy" ? He had none; Barack Obama may think he has one -- or perhaps Hillary Clinton thinks she has one -- but America does not and cannot have a foreign policy. All of the Americans who actually realize that there is a world outside of the United States would fit in a medium-size concert hall. The rest can only interpret any discussion of events in other countries as fairy tales, allegories in which the characters represent domestic factions.

Posted by: Frank Wilhoit on June 16, 2009 at 7:07 AM | PERMALINK

Realism involves looking hard at the world as it is, and not doing things just because they make you feel good.

No impluse control, therefore not realistic, therefore bound to fail.

As concise a description of the problem with the Mid-East policy of the neocons as I have seen anywhere.

Posted by: SRW1 on June 16, 2009 at 7:48 AM | PERMALINK

George W. Bush was and is a career white collar corporate criminal whose so-called "foreign policy" -- indeed, whose every "policy" in every sphere -- consisted of nothing more or less than using the power of the government for corrupt purposes of private financial gain for himself, his cronies and financial backers.

Bush was about as "idealistic" as Al Capone and his shamelessly phony "neoconservative" jawboning about "democracy" was nothing but trumped-up, scripted, focus-group-tested drivel to bamboozle and confuse the gullible while he, Dick Cheney, and their gang of crooks used the US military as their private mercenary army to seize control of as much Middle Eastern oil as they could get away with.


Posted by: SecularAnimist on June 16, 2009 at 10:34 AM | PERMALINK

"Realism involves looking hard at the world as it is, and not doing things just because they make you feel good."

Who can forget the McGeorge Bundy school of Realism that led to the Vietnam disaster? It wasn't realism; it was Ignorance, Arrogance, and jingoistic Exceptionalism. Packer is edging dangerously close to this school of thought.

Posted by: buddy66 on June 16, 2009 at 12:24 PM | PERMALINK
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