Editore"s Note
Tilting at Windmills

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July 27, 2010

AN OVERLOOKED HOUSE VOTE ON TRIBAL JUSTICE.... I mentioned briefly yesterday afternoon that Rep. Steve King (R-Iowa) voted last week against a measure to make it easier "for Native American tribal courts to prosecute non-natives who commit rape and other crimes on tribal lands." King wasn't alone -- while the bill passed the House easily with bipartisan support, more Republicans opposed it than supported it. It was approved, 326 to 92.

What was up with those 92, all of whom were Republicans? I talked to a Hill staffer about this overnight, who explained what transpired. The staffer emailed me this, and I'm republishing the account with permission:

One real small correction in the bit you quoted -- tribal courts have no criminal jurisdiction over non-Indians (they have criminal jurisdiction over tribe members and, for reasons I'll leave to your imagination, over Indians belonging to other tribes, but not over non-Indians). And the tribal justice bill most definitely does not provide or create any new criminal jurisdiction over non Indians. In fact, in response to concern from Republican members on this exact issue, a specific provision was added during Senate process making totally explicit that the bill does not expand tribal jurisdiction to reach non-Indians and the Chairman of the House Natural Resources committee engaged in a colloquy on this very issue with Dan Lungren during floor debate. (Mr. Lungren ultimately supported the bill.)

The basis for the Mr. King's rejection of the bill (along with many other House Republicans) is hard to determine. It's a law-and-order bill, the centerpiece of which is to increase the authority of tribal courts to impose longer sentences on tribal offenders (current law limits Indian tribes to one year sentences per offense; the bill increases to 3 years per offense and 9 years max). The fact that there is a cap may itself be jarring, since tribes are separate sovereigns; on the other hand, tribal governments are not subject to the Bill of Rights and tribes -- unlike the states or the federal government -- can incarcerate people without providing them a lawyer, so it is a complex balance. The bill also enhances procedural protections for defendants in tribal courts -- requiring tribes to provide counsel for indigent defendants who face more than one year incarceration and requiring the proceedings be recorded/transcribed and that court rules and tribal criminal codes be publically available. But 92 House Republicans voting AGAINST longer criminal sentences is certainly an unusual thing.

The bill also enhances drug interdiction efforts, re-authorizes a range of programs to address root causes of crime (including drug and alcohol treatment, summer youth and juvenile delinquency programs, and others), ensures that tribal courts can get medical testimony needed from IHS for sex assault cases, facilitates tribal access to federal criminal information databases, eases the way for increased hiring and better training of BIA officers and tribal police, and creates a very significant tribal law and order commission that will conduct a two year study of public safety and criminal justice issues in Indian Country and report back to Congress.

The bill was unanimously passed out of the Senate, but faced more significant challenges in the House (an unusual state of affairs right there). House Republicans made essentially no substantive objections but simply complained about the process used to move quickly through the House (it was taken up directly on the floor after returning from the Senate, which ensured that the bill did not have to go through the senate two times). There was lots of chatter that the opposition was simply designed to obstruct the effort -- and deny House democrats of the political benefits of achieving this accomplishment for tribal constituencies -- but it's of course hard to know what lies in people's hearts.

It went largely overlooked last week, but it seems like an important measure. I'm glad President Obama will sign it into law, and I can only hope those 92 opponents are prepared to explain to tribal communities what possessed them to vote the way they did.

Steve Benen 12:35 PM Permalink | Trackbacks | Comments (17)

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Posted by: dkahklhahi on July 27, 2010 at 12:35 PM | PERMALINK

There have been heart-rending reports out of South Dakota about how American Indian women have so few protections and their rapes are so seldom prosecuted. Sounds like something should be done to provide some sort of protections against non-Indian rapists, for Pete's sake.

Posted by: AlphaLiberal on July 27, 2010 at 12:40 PM | PERMALINK

So I guess the opposition is based on not wanting the natives to be allowed to prosecute Real Americans (TM)?

Posted by: howie on July 27, 2010 at 12:41 PM | PERMALINK

The three Oklahoma Republicans with the largest native constituencies voted no. Sullivan was no surprise, Lucus was a disappointment but he has been declining into the moral cyst pool of wingnuttery, and Cole is a registered Chickasaw.

If any three should suffer for their injustice, it would be these three but sadly they have no viable opponents.

Posted by: OKDem on July 27, 2010 at 12:56 PM | PERMALINK

But 92 House Republicans voting AGAINST longer criminal sentences is certainly an unusual thing.

The entire House Republican caucus hates Obama. But apparently 92 of its members hate Obama so much that they'd rather be lenient with criminals than allow Obama an important legislative victory.

These 92 Republicans would guzzle a glass of Drano with a gasoline chaser before doing anything to support Obama.

Posted by: Screamin' Demon on July 27, 2010 at 1:03 PM | PERMALINK

I deal somewhat similar authority disputes between the states and the tribal lands with sales tax.

For some reason, the states do not recognize tribal land as sovereign areas. For example, the TERO authority, which covers numerous tribes in numerous states decided to levy a 2% sales tax to property delivered into their jurisdictions. This is in addition to the normal sales tax levied by the state and local jurisdictions. Right now any property delivered into TERO is subject to local jurisdiction sales tax.

My point here is how does anyone have authority of a supposed sovereign nation ? What authority does Congress have over tribal courts, and why can't the tribal courts make their own rules ?

I am just having a hard time understanding why Congress has to make rules for tribal courts, did we knee-cap their abilities to make these changes ? And if so, seems to me like it would be more important to change those rules, rather than make new rules.

If I am reading this right, an Indian can rape another Indian and get 1 year, with the changes 3 years. What about an Indian raping a non-Indian and visa-versa.

This really is insane and truly unjust for the women. I suspect rape isn't the only crime that falls under these barbaric 'rules'.

Posted by: ScottW714 on July 27, 2010 at 1:03 PM | PERMALINK

between this and the Senate Republican opposition to the Franken Amendment (to address KBR employees raping their coworkers in shipping containers and depriving the victim of legal redress) perhaps the "Party of 'No'" should be rebranded the "Party of 'Who Cares if She Says No'". Why any woman (or racial/ethnic minority, or non-Christian, or homosexual, or person with an IQ over 100 or income under $200,000/yr) would ever vote Republican truly escapes me.

Posted by: zeitgeist on July 27, 2010 at 1:58 PM | PERMALINK

I see that Bachmann was the only MN legislator that voted against the bill. What a surprise.

Posted by: gbear on July 27, 2010 at 2:15 PM | PERMALINK

Just a note to ScottW714. Due to the Major Crimes Act Indians and non-Indians alike will be tried for the crime of rape. The Indian would be tried in federal court and could receive any sentence up to the death penalty.

Posted by: Ontherez on July 27, 2010 at 2:19 PM | PERMALINK

Scott, this is from wikipedia about tribal sovereignty:

"Tribal jurisdiction over persons and things within tribal borders are often at issue. While tribal criminal jurisdiction over Indians is reasonably well settled, Tribes are still striving to achieve criminal jurisdiction over non-Indian persons who commit crimes in Indian Country. This is mostly due to the Supreme Court's ruling in 1978 in Oliphant v. Suquamish Indian Tribe that tribes lack the inherent authority to arrest, try and convict non-Indians who commit crimes on their lands (see below for additional discussion on this point.) The Oliphant decision remains "controversial because it signaled that project of imperialism is alive and well in Indian Country..."

As with all matters concerning Native Americans and their history/treatment by the U.S. government, these are still murky and, in many cases, unjust. Here's the rest of the article, but if you truly are involved in some way on the impact of state sales taxes on Native Americans, I would encourage you to do your research broadly as to see the whole forest, not just individual trees.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tribal_sovereignty

Posted by: winddancer on July 27, 2010 at 2:31 PM | PERMALINK

I sent a note to my rep, Aaron Schock about this and got the standard email back promising he would explain it at a later date. I'm still waiting.

Posted by: Joy on July 27, 2010 at 4:36 PM | PERMALINK

Winddancer.
Thanks for the info. How does a sovereign Nation not have authority over it's own land.

I wasn't looking of tax info, more I was making a point that Indians don't seem to have much control of their own lands. With my example in TERO, they get 2% and Colorado and surround areas get between 5-8%, how2 is that even possible. I do understand the impacts of insanely low tax rates.

This truly disgusts me.

How do these non-sense laws effect wealthier Indian lands, namely the Casinos ? According to what I have read, I could rob a Casino and not be held accountable before this passes ? I am not an Indian. Or do authorities take Indians with means more seriously ?

Posted by: ScottW714 on July 27, 2010 at 4:58 PM | PERMALINK

Scott, indian lands are held in trust of the U.S government, specifically the Dept. of Interior. Indian nations don't have the same sovereignty as France or England for instance, but are considered "domestic dependent nations." Long story, and not at all a happy one.

Posted by: winddancer on July 27, 2010 at 5:30 PM | PERMALINK

Why should Republicans abandon their pro-rape agenda now?

Pro-racism. Pro-rape. Pro-torture. I wonder how long it will be before Republicans start speaking out in favor of cancer.

Posted by: Mike B on July 27, 2010 at 6:22 PM | PERMALINK

It is true that the BOR doesn't apply to tribal governments but a statute does apply most of them. The right to a lawyer paid by the tribe (which would no longer would be as valid if they had the power to inflict higher punishments than one year) is one exception as is an establishment clause, since some tribes mix church with state.

Posted by: Joe on July 27, 2010 at 7:40 PM | PERMALINK

regarding the staffer comment: you really don't have to leave it up to your imagination as to why Indians have jurisdiction over other Indians from another tribe. It's federal law: 25 U.S.C. sec. 1301(2) [amended by Public Law No. 101-511] and backed up by the Supreme Court in U.S. v Lara, 541 U.S. 193 (2004).

Posted by: Cree Partier on July 29, 2010 at 1:24 PM | PERMALINK

More than 86 percent of rapes against Native American women are carried out by non-native men, most of them white, according to the Justice Department.

Posted by: Tuffhoss on July 30, 2010 at 9:52 AM | PERMALINK




 

 

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